Modelo Estudiantes del siglo XXI 3º-7º
Emoción
Las emociones son estados psicológicos complejos que surgen de las experiencias de una persona. Afectan nuestras mentes y cuerpos y, por lo tanto, pueden apoyar o dificultar el aprendizaje. Estudiantes de diversos orígenes y culturas, así como estudiantes con trastornos de aprendizaje o ADHD, pueden tener formas de expresar sus emociones, percibir emociones en los demás y reaccionar a las emociones que difieren de lo que esperaríamos ver en los aprendices.
Ideas Principales
Varios aspectos de la emoción pueden afectar el bienestar y el éxito académico de los estudiantes:
Conocimiento emocional es entender qué son las emociones y reconocerlas adecuadamente en las expresiones faciales y el habla de los demás, y normalmente comienza a desarrollarse en la infancia temprana. La evidencia sugiere que el conocimiento emocional es vital para la regulación emocional.
Regulación emocional es la capacidad de controlar la excitación emocional para aprender funcionamiento adaptativo (la capacidad de completar tareas diarias, lidiar con cambios en el entorno y funcionar con éxito en un aula). Esto apoya la salud mental y es un aspecto importante de la competencia social.
Salud mental es la combinación de nuestro bienestar emocional y psicológico y ajuste. Las emociones son dinámicas y siempre fluctuarán con el tiempo, por lo que es normal experimentar tanto emociones positivas (por ejemplo, emoción, alegría) como negativas (por ejemplo, ira, tristeza). Sin embargo, los estudiantes que tienden a experimentar más emociones positivas que negativas en general, y que pueden manejar y minimizar con éxito el estrés, tendrán un mejor bienestar psicológico general.
Es importante tener en cuenta que los educadores pueden interpretar erróneamente los estados emocionales de los estudiantes debido a prejuicios, como la mayor probabilidad de percibir a los estudiantes negros como enojados o hostiles, lo que puede contribuir a resultados disciplinarios discriminatorios e inequitativos. Como resultado de diferentes normas sociales y experiencias en torno a la emoción, los estudiantes pueden beneficiarse de enfoques lingüística y culturalmente responsivos para abordar las emociones.
Los estudiantes con ADHD también están en riesgo de que se interpreten erróneamente sus estados emocionales, lo que resulta en una menor cercanía emocional y más conflictos con los educadores que sus compañeros que no tienen ADHD. Los estudiantes que tienen discapacidades de aprendizaje o ADHD también pueden tener dificultades con el bienestar emocional debido a la frustración o ansiedad en torno al trabajo escolar, la exclusión de sus compañeros, el miedo al fracaso y/o sentimientos de estigmatización, por nombrar algunos. El desarrollo profesional de alta calidad sobre la comprensión y el apoyo a los estudiantes con ADHD es un factor importante en la capacidad del educador para apoyar la coregulación del estudiante y autorregular su propia emoción.
Los estudiantes que se sienten felices en la escuela y pueden regular sus emociones frente a desafíos tienen más probabilidades de permanecer comprometidos y florecer académicamente. Por otro lado, experimentar ansiedad (ya sea en general o sobre un tema específico) puede interferir con el aprendizaje. Es importante apoyar el bienestar emocional de los estudiantes desde el principio escuchando y abordando sus necesidades y construyendo sobre sus fortalezas. Los Apoyos Sociales sólidos pueden ayudar a proteger a los estudiantes de experiencias negativas como el acoso, la exclusión de compañeros o la discriminación, y los maestros pueden desempeñar un papel crítico en la provisión de estos apoyos. Además, hacer de la escuela un lugar alegre y replantear el trabajo escolar como un juego puede aumentar el bienestar emocional de los estudiantes incluso en la niñez media, lo que podría aumentar la participación escolar en el futuro.
Aprende Más
En esta sección encontrarás microcredenciales ofrecidas por nuestro aliado Digital Promise. Ten en cuenta que están disponibles en inglés y fuera de nuestro sitio web.
Emotional Regulation: una microcredencial para apoyar la regulación emocional de los estudiantes
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