Modelo Aprendizaje de Adultos
Habilidades Básicas de Lectura
Las Habilidades Básicas de Lectura, incluyendo la fonética y la Decodificación, se refieren a las habilidades necesarias para una comprensión lectora efectiva. Los lectores adultos que tienen dificultades con las Habilidades Básicas de Lectura pueden tener problemas para entender textos y lenguaje complejo. Estas habilidades son esenciales para que las personas encuentren exitosamente caminos profesionales, desarrollen nuevas habilidades y naveguen por sistemas públicos y sociales.
Ideas Principales
Estudios sugieren que, a nivel global, aproximadamente 1 de cada 5 adultos carece de habilidades básicas de lectura, lo que afecta su capacidad para entender textos complejos y desarrollarse profesionalmente. Algunas personas también pueden tener discapacidades de aprendizaje, como la dislexia, que comprometen las Habilidades Básicas de Lectura.
Hay varias habilidades componentes que contribuyen a entender el lenguaje a nivel de palabra.
- Procesamiento Fonológico: se refiere al conocimiento y habilidad para procesar, manipular y detectar sonidos en las palabras.
- Conocimiento Morfológico: se refiere al procesamiento y comprensión de unidades lingüísticas, incluyendo raíces, prefijos, sufijos, entonaciones y acentos, que transmiten significado. También contribuye a la habilidad de decodificar palabras individuales y textos grandes a medida que las palabras se vuelven más complejas.
- Procesamiento Ortográfico: se refiere a la capacidad de crear, almacenar y recuperar mentalmente las representaciones visuales de las palabras escritas.
Al igual que con los lectores más jóvenes, la investigación entre poblaciones adultas ha demostrado que el Conocimiento del Vocabulario y la Fluidez Lectora, incluyendo la automaticidad y la prosodia, contribuyen específicamente a la comprensión lectora. Estas habilidades, además de hacer Inferencias, son esenciales para que los adultos desarrollen habilidades de lectura de nivel superior y accedan a textos complejos en diferentes contextos.
La dislexia es un trastorno del desarrollo que se presenta con dificultades para mapear letras a sonidos, causando problemas con la lectura y escritura, incluyendo la comprensión y fluidez. Esto puede ser difícil para adultos que dependen de la alfabetización para muchos aspectos de su vida, especialmente si la dislexia no ha sido tratada o diagnosticada. Algunos estudiantes adultos con dislexia han desarrollado habilidades compensatorias en la lectura, mientras que otros pueden continuar demostrando dificultades con las Habilidades Básicas de Lectura, derivadas de problemas subyacentes con el Procesamiento Fonológico.
Aprender más
En esta sección encontrarás microcredenciales ofrecidas por nuestro aliado Digital Promise. Ten en cuenta que están disponibles en inglés y fuera de nuestro sitio web.
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación: recursos sobre prácticas basadas en evidencia para apoyar la alfabetización de adultos.
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