Modelo Estudiantes del siglo XXI 3º-7º
Apoyos Sociales
Los Apoyos Sociales son la percepción y presencia de una red de apoyo disponible para ayudar si es necesario. Las personas son seres sociales, y por lo tanto el bienestar de los estudiantes se basa en parte en tener una red de apoyo en la que sienten que pueden confiar (incluidos amigos y familiares, docentes y su comunidad en general). Incluso si nunca han buscado apoyo de su red, sentir que contarían con apoyo si lo necesitasen es un contribuyente clave para el éxito académico y el bienestar. Además, cuando los niños buscan apoyo, la ayuda que reciben puede contribuir y fortalecer sus percepciones sobre sus Apoyos Sociales y ayudarlos a alcanzar sus metas.
Ideas Principales
Los Apoyos Sociales son importantes porque son un componente crítico del bienestar de los estudiantes y su éxito académico. Los estudiantes que están bien apoyados son más propensos a sentirse felices y aceptados, motivados para aprender y mejor preparados para afrontar Experiencias Adversas. Las principales fuentes de Apoyos Sociales incluyen a los padres, amigos, compañeros de clase, docentes y otros recursos y personal de la escuela.
Estas fuentes ofrecen diferentes tipos de apoyo a un estudiante, incluyendo:
Apoyo emocional mediante el cuidado y la muestra de compasión hacia el estudiante;
Apoyo de evaluación proporcionando retroalimentación útil al estudiante;
Apoyo instrumental contribuyendo con recursos como tiempo y dinero; y
Apoyo informativo proporcionando información y consejos.
A medida que los estudiantes crecen, los Apoyos Sociales de compañeros y docentes pueden comenzar a desempeñar un papel más importante en sus vidas. Sin embargo, los Apoyos Sociales familiares aún son importantes. Los Apoyos Sociales efectivos pueden verse diferentes para distintas familias con el fin de apoyar mejor las necesidades y atributos familiares, como el trasfondo cultural. A pesar de las diferencias, cada uno puede llevar a resultados positivos igualmente para el aprendizaje. En general, prácticas de crianza como el apoyo y compromiso suelen ser beneficiosas en familias de culturas, razas, etnias y estatus de discapacidad diversos.
Además, si bien el Estatus Socioeconómico (SES) de una familia puede contribuir a ciertos aspectos de los Apoyos Sociales (por ejemplo, los padres que no se preocupan por sus ingresos pueden estar menos estresados, tener más tiempo para involucrarse con sus hijos y más recursos financieros), las familias de diversos antecedentes socioeconómicos son capaces de proporcionar Apoyos Sociales efectivos. Lo importante es lo que hacen los cuidadores con sus hijos, como pasar tiempo juntos, leer y tener conversaciones o ayudar con las tareas escolares. Las familias de estudiantes con discapacidades de aprendizaje y TDAH pueden tener una red de apoyo social más pequeña, posiblemente debido a su reticencia a compartir que su hijo tiene una discapacidad de aprendizaje debido al estigma, lo que puede aumentar el estrés en el hogar.
Desafortunadamente, los estudiantes pueden enfrentar Experiencias Adversas que pueden erosionar sus Apoyos Sociales reales y/o percibidos. Situaciones que pueden erosionar sus Apoyos Sociales familiares y/o de cuidadores incluyen tener padres/tutores que se divorcian o separan, fallecen, van a la cárcel, tienen problemas con el abuso de sustancias o padecen una enfermedad mental significativa. Situaciones que pueden erosionar sus Apoyos Sociales de amigos y compañeros de clase incluyen ser víctima de bullying y/o ciberbullying, experimentar racismo y/o discriminación y cambiarse a una nueva escuela. Construir relaciones positivas con otras fuentes de Apoyos Sociales, como con un docente o amigo de la familia, puede disminuir los efectos negativos de este tipo de trauma. Es importante que las escuelas aseguren que su sistema tenga Apoyos Sociales incrustados en su estructura para permitir que adultos de confianza brinden empatía y orientación y un sentido de Seguridad.
Aprende Más
En esta sección encontrarás microcredenciales ofrecidas por nuestro aliado Digital Promise. Ten en cuenta que están disponibles en inglés y fuera de nuestro sitio web.
Building Blocks for Learning: Un marco de Turnaround for Children
Supporting Students Who Have Experienced Trauma: Video de Digital Promise que analiza la importancia de diseñar escuelas que brinden seguridad física y emocional para apoyar a los niños que han sufrido experiencias adversas.
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