Modelo Estudiantes del siglo XXI 3º-7º
Creatividad
La creatividad es un proceso dinámico e iterativo (mental, material y/o social) de hacer nuevas conexiones, explorar y transformar el mundo de maneras nuevas y significativas. La creatividad se define típicamente como una combinación de pensamiento divergente/experimental—generando nuevas ideas—y pensamiento convergente/evaluativo para enfocarlas, resultando en productos novedosos que son significativos para el creador y también, a menudo, para la comunidad circundante. Este proceso creativo es un elemento central de todas las experiencias de aprendizaje, porque los individuos generalmente aprenden más eficazmente cuando juegan un papel activo en la construcción de sus entendimientos. Se ha demostrado que la creatividad temprana de los estudiantes predice una posterior creatividad y éxito académico.
Ideas Principales
Existen muchos caminos hacia la creatividad, pero en general es más probable que los aprendices piensen creativamente cuando se sienten seguros y apoyados en su capacidad de explorar, tomar riesgos y cometer errores, hacer preguntas y probar nuevas soluciones. Las oportunidades para la exploración ayudan a alentar a los aprendices a encontrar múltiples soluciones posibles para un problema. Algunas investigaciones sugieren que los niños con TDAH pueden experimentar un “vagar de la mente” más frecuente (un cambio de enfoque de una tarea dada a otros pensamientos no relacionados), lo cual se ha demostrado en algunos casos que conduce a una mayor creatividad. La creatividad también surge a menudo de la Colaboración, ya sea durante el juego o durante proyectos grupales semiestructurados, donde los aprendices pueden improvisar, considerar las perspectivas de los demás y construir sobre los otros, generando novedad tanto individualmente como en grupo. Es decir, la creatividad colaborativa permite un proceso creativo participativo y dinámico donde los individuos pueden desempeñar diferentes roles, aportar diferentes puntos de vista y ayudar a los aprendices a ver cómo pueden ser creativos de nuevas maneras.
Los entornos de los aprendices, tanto en casa como en la escuela, desempeñan un papel crucial en el fomento de la creatividad. Para permitir que la creatividad florezca, los entornos de los aprendices deben permitir flexibilidad con tareas abiertas, conversaciones no estructuradas, respeto por el aprendiz, un sentido de pertenencia e independencia. Proporcionar mucho tiempo, comodidad y expectativas de ambigüedad y fracaso puede apoyar la creatividad natural de un aprendiz. Además, el aprendizaje creativo también se ve mejorado por estructuras guiadas o andamiajes cuidadosamente diseñados, que aseguran que los aprendices estén avanzando hacia sus objetivos de aprendizaje a través del proceso creativo.
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