Modelo Estudiantes del siglo XXI Prejardín-2º
Apoyos Sociales
Los Apoyos Sociales son la percepción y presencia de una red de apoyo disponible para ayudar si es necesario. Las personas son criaturas sociales, y por lo tanto el bienestar de los niños se basa en parte en tener una red de apoyo en la que sientan que pueden confiar (incluyendo amigos y familia, maestros y su comunidad en general). Incluso si nunca han buscado apoyo de su red, el sentir que serían apoyados si lo necesitaran es un factor clave para el éxito académico y el bienestar. Además, cuando los niños buscan apoyo, la ayuda que reciben puede contribuir y fortalecer sus percepciones de sus Apoyos Sociales, y ayudarles a lograr sus objetivos.
Ideas Principales
Las fuentes clave de los Apoyos Sociales incluyen a los padres, amigos, compañeros de clase, maestros y otros recursos y personal escolar. Estas fuentes ofrecen diferentes tipos de apoyo a un estudiante, incluyendo:
Apoyo emocional al cuidar y mostrar compasión al estudiante;
Apoyo de valoración al proporcionar al estudiante retroalimentación útil;
Apoyo instrumental al contribuir con recursos como tiempo y dinero; e
Información de apoyo al proporcionar información y consejos.
Los Apoyos Sociales son importantes porque son un componente crítico del bienestar infantil y del éxito académico. Los niños que están bien apoyados son más propensos a sentirse felices y aceptados, a participar en comportamientos positivos como el juego y están mejor capacitados para enfrentar Experiencias Adversas.
Los Apoyos Sociales efectivos lucen diferentes según las familias para apoyar mejor las necesidades y atributos familiares como el trasfondo cultural. A pesar de las diferencias, cada uno puede llevar a resultados igualmente positivos para el niño. En general, las prácticas de crianza como el apoyo y la participación son típicamente beneficiosas en familias de diversa cultura, raza, etnia y estado de discapacidad. Las familias de estudiantes con discapacidades de aprendizaje y TDAH pueden tener una red de apoyo social más pequeña, posiblemente debido a su hesitación a compartir que su hijo tiene una discapacidad de aprendizaje debido al estigma, lo que puede aumentar el estrés en casa.
Además, aunque el Estado Socioeconómico (SES) de una familia puede contribuir a ciertos aspectos de los Apoyos Sociales (por ejemplo, los padres que no se preocupan por sus ingresos pueden estar menos estresados, tener más tiempo para interactuar con los niños y más recursos financieros), las familias de todos los orígenes SES son capaces de proporcionar Apoyos Sociales efectivos. Lo que importa es lo que los padres hacen con sus hijos, por ejemplo, pasar tiempo juntos, leer y tener conversaciones, o ayudar con las tareas escolares, no simplemente cuánto dinero tienen.
Desafortunadamente, los niños pueden experimentar Experiencias Adversas que pueden erosionar sus Apoyos Sociales reales y/o percibidos. Las situaciones que pueden erosionar los Apoyos Sociales de sus padres, familia y/o cuidadores incluyen tener padres/tutores que se divorcian o separan, fallecen, van a la cárcel, tienen problemas con el abuso de sustancias o tienen una enfermedad mental significativa. Las situaciones que pueden erosionar los Apoyos Sociales de sus amigos y compañeros de clase incluyen ser víctima de acoso y/o ciberacoso, experimentar racismo y/o discriminación, y mudarse a una nueva escuela. Construir relaciones positivas con otras fuentes de Apoyos Sociales, como con un maestro o amigo de la familia, puede disminuir los efectos negativos de este tipo de trauma. Es importante que las escuelas garanticen que su sistema tenga Apoyos Sociales incorporados en su estructura para permitir que adultos de confianza brinden empatía y orientación y un sentido de Seguridad.
Aprende Más
En esta sección encontrarás microcredenciales ofrecidas por nuestro aliado Digital Promise. Ten en cuenta que están disponibles en inglés y fuera de nuestro sitio web.
Building Blocks for Learning: Un marco de Turnaround for Children
Supporting Students Who Have Experienced Trauma: Video de Digital Promise que analiza la importancia de diseñar escuelas que brinden seguridad física y emocional para apoyar a los niños que han sufrido experiencias adversas.
Build a student-centered plan: una microcredencial paga para crear un plan viable que apoye las diferencias de aprendizaje.
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