Modelo Estudiantes del siglo XXI Prejardín-2º
Consciencia Social y Habilidades Relacionales
El aprendizaje es poderoso cuando es colaborativo y social, cuando aprendemos con y de otros. La Conciencia Social y las Habilidades para las Relaciones son esenciales para formar y mantener relaciones positivas, de modo que los compañeros y educadores puedan convertirse en socios de aprendizaje. Cuando cada estudiante ve cómo puede usar sus fortalezas para contribuir al éxito de un grupo, puede participar mejor en la Colaboración y en su aprendizaje.
Ideas Principales
La Conciencia Social es la comprensión de las normas sociales para el comportamiento y la capacidad de reconocer y entender las perspectivas y sentimientos de los demás. La Conciencia Social permite a los niños empatizar con personas de diversos orígenes que son diferentes a los suyos. Esta conciencia continúa desarrollándose en la adolescencia. A menudo, los niños aprenden primero sobre aspectos de sus propias Identidades y las de los demás de sus padres. Por ejemplo, los niños pueden aprender sobre su raza y etnia a través de un proceso llamado socialización. Sin embargo, la investigación sugiere que los padres blancos son menos propensos a participar en tal socialización que los padres de grupos históricamente y sistemáticamente excluidos.
Las Habilidades para las Relaciones son las habilidades interpersonales específicas basadas en la Conciencia Social que permiten a los estudiantes comunicarse y llevarse bien con los demás, incluyendo la Colaboración y la prevención y resolución de conflictos interpersonales. Estas habilidades también pueden incluir competencia intercultural, como comprender diferentes normas y convenciones y utilizar un comportamiento verbal y no verbal apropiado en situaciones culturales diversas. Un mayor contacto intercultural puede ayudar a desarrollar estas habilidades.
La Conciencia Social y las Habilidades para las Relaciones son importantes porque nos permiten hacer amigos y mantener relaciones positivas con maestros y compañeros. En el preescolar, los estudiantes que son más competentes socialmente son más capaces de hacer y mantener amistades, y en los años de primaria, una fuerte Conciencia Social y Habilidades para las Relaciones están asociadas con mejor Motivación académica, logro y bienestar.
Un aspecto clave de la Conciencia Social y las Habilidades para las Relaciones es la capacidad de construir un entendimiento común con personas de diversos orígenes. En parte, esta habilidad depende de la comprensión de un niño sobre su propia Identidad y la de los demás. Los educadores tienen una oportunidad única de ayudar a todos los estudiantes a aprender sobre sus propias Identidades y las de los demás, y a aprender a apreciar, respetar y aceptar las diferencias y la discapacidad como otra faceta de la Identidad.
Los estudiantes con discapacidades de aprendizaje y aquellos con TDAH tienden a tener más dificultades con las relaciones entre compañeros y son más propensos a ser rechazados y excluidos por sus compañeros. Esto a menudo se debe al estigma, que puede ser causado en parte por la falta de comprensión de los compañeros sobre las diferencias de comportamiento. También puede ser causado por la inmadurez social debido a la maduración tardía de ciertas regiones del cerebro o dificultades con la regulación emocional debido a dificultades con la Integración Sensorial.
Algunos de los factores más importantes que subyacen en la Conciencia Social y las Habilidades para las Relaciones efectivas incluyen la Colaboración, la Comunicación, el comportamiento prosocial y el Sentido de Pertenencia. Los educadores pueden apoyar la Conciencia Social y las Habilidades para las Relaciones de los estudiantes creando un ambiente de apoyo donde todos los estudiantes se sientan incluidos, donde se les den oportunidades para entenderse mejor, por ejemplo, discutiendo abiertamente y normalizando los diferentes estilos de Comunicación, y habilitando discusiones que fomenten diferentes perspectivas. Además, los educadores pueden promover el desarrollo de la Conciencia Social y las Habilidades para las Relaciones proporcionando amplias oportunidades para colaborar y comprometerse con compañeros (especialmente a través del juego), así como modelando y alabando comportamientos prosociales.
Aprende Más
En esta sección encontrarás microcredenciales ofrecidas por nuestro aliado Digital Promise. Ten en cuenta que están disponibles en inglés y fuera de nuestro sitio web.
Relationship Skills: Una microcredencial para fortalecer las habilidades relacionales de los estudiantes.
Responsible Decision-Making: Una microcredencial para fortalecer las habilidades de toma de decisiones de los estudiantes.
Social Awareness: Una microcredencial para fortalecer la conciencia social de los estudiantes.
Promoting Social & Emotional Learning: Una guía para educadores que promueve el aprendizaje socioemocional de los estudiantes.
Social Intelligence: Un manual de Character Lab.
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